Symbols and motifs are central to understanding Othello as a play. Symbols is a thing that represents or stands for something else. A motif is any recurring element that has a symbolic significance in a story. Symbols and motifs are not the same thing.
1. Handkerchief.
The handkerchief is the main tool Iago uses to make Othello jealous. All the main characters of the play seem to be intertwined with the handkerchief. The handkerchief is an emblem of love for Othello and Desdemona's marriage. Emilia found the handkerchief and gave it to her husband to make him happy. However, she was unknowingly betraying Desdemona. Iago told Othello that Desdemona gave it away to Cassio, causing tension in their marriage.
2. Candle.
The candle blows out as soon as Othello murders his wife, Desdemona. This symbolizes him ending or extinguishing her life.
3. Animals.
Beginning in Act I Scene I, Iago introduces the animalistic imagery. According to Iago, there is something wild and bestial about Othello, as he refers to him as "the old black ram." Iago degrades and dehumanizes Othello, making him an easy target.
4. The Bed.
Othello and Desdemona's relationship is an extremely physical based relationship. Therefore, their relationship started with the bed. Desdemona and Othello ended up dead together on the bed with Emilia (also dead) in between them. Emilia has always been in between Othello and Desdemona's relationship. Overall, the couples relationship started and ended in a bed.
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